The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) undertook extensive enforcement action against regulated entities during 2025, with co-operative banks accounting for the largest share, according to the Financial Stability Report (FSR).
The report states that between June 2025 and November 2025, the RBI initiated enforcement proceedings against 134 regulated entities (REs) for non-compliance with statutory provisions and regulatory directions. These actions led to the imposition of aggregate monetary penalties amounting to Rs 6.99 crore.
Of the total cases, 113 enforcement actions were against co-operative banks, highlighting their dominant presence in the RBI’s supervisory interventions during the review period.
Other entities facing action included one public sector bank, four private sector banks, one payments bank, one foreign bank, one regional rural bank, seven non-banking financial companies, one payment system operator and five housing finance companies.
The FSR also outlines regulatory actions taken by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). During May 2025 to September 2025, SEBI issued prohibitive directions under Section 11 of the SEBI Act, 1992 against 298 entities.
Further, enforcement under the SEBI (Intermediaries) Regulations, 2008 resulted in the cancellation of registration of 15 intermediaries, suspension of three intermediaries, and warnings issued to seven intermediaries. In addition, 24 prosecution cases were filed against 90 entities, while adjudication proceedings led to penalties against 194 entities amounting to Rs 10.8 crore.